Fluid pressure operated turbines



Feb. 16, 1965 A. MOOSMANN 3,

FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED TURBINES Filed Sept. 8. 1960 3 Sheet-Sheet 1 Fig. l

.[77 venZor- A Zola M006 77787772 Feb. 16, 1965 MOOSMANN 3,159,745

FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED TURBINES Filed Sept. 8. 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 2

I Ivzve 122 1),- A20 M000 manz Feb. 16, 1965 A. MOOSMANN 3,169,745

FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED TURBINES Filed Sept. 8. 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig. 6 I77 l/erzfok A 20L; M006 777a 7772 United States Patent 3,169,746 FLUTE) PRESEEURE OPERATED TURBINES Alois Moosmnnn, 11 Muttergartenweg,

Stuttgart-iiirkach, Germany Filed Sept. 8, 1964), Ser. No. 54,645

Claims priority, applicatien Germany, Sept. 11, 1959,

7 flaims. (Cl. 253-24) This invention relates to afluidpressure operated'turbine which is particularly but not exclusively suitable for driving shifting devices for machine tools, for driv- 'dium which flow 'from a nozzle arranged in a medial plane between the shafts of the two'wheels.- The wheels are so coupled together thatthey have the same dlIGC- tion of rotation, and thejet of pressure medium can be directed selectively to one or other of the two wheels or to both rotors simultaneously.

It has already been proposed to arrange-the nozzle itself so as to be pivotal in order to divert the jet of pressure medium from a central setting on to one or other of the two turbine wheels. 1 This arrangement has the disadvantage that because of the frictional forces arising and the relatively large deflection required for diverting the nozzle it is not suflicientlysensitive. The object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages. g

The inventionconsists essentially in that the nozzle is fixedly arranged and that the jet of pressure medium can be diverted from the central'axis of the nozzle on to one 7 or other turbine wheel by the force of reaction of part of the jet which is diverted substantially at right angles to the axis of the nozzle by at least one knife edge which is insertible into the jet of pressure medium, substantially at right angles to the axis of the nozzle. Preferably two opposed knife edges are rovided on the two sides of the jet of pressure medium.

The knife edges may be movedin various ways laterally into the jet of pressure medium. In a particularly advantageous form of the invention the knife edges are secured to the free end of a pivotal arm, the pivot point of which lies on the central axis of the nozzle. The pivotal arm may consist of a tube surrounding the fixed nozzle, the tube narrowing towards the outlet end of the nozzle and carrying the opposed knife edges at its free end. The movement of this pivotal arm may be eflected in variou ways e.g. pneumatically or electrically. The pivotal arm may for example be provided on both sides with pistons which are sealed by rolling I at their outer peripheries. The shafts 4 and 5 are jour- Ice 2 into the jet of pressure medium requires no expenditure of force. Consequently therturbine can react very quickly and strongly to relatively weakcontrol impulses;

An embodiment of the invention i illustrated by Way of example inthe accompanying drawings, in'which:

FIG. 1 is'a view in cross section of an oil-driven turbine, taken in the plane of the turbine wheels and the nozzle, v j w FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the oil-driven turbine, 1

FIG.;3 shows one larger scalethe lower broken-off end of the nozzle with the'knife edges in the central setting, r

FIG. 4 is ,a sectional'elevation on the, line A-B, of FIG. 3, w FIG. 5 is a horizontal section'on the line CD of FIG. 3,

- FIG. .6 is a section corresponding to FIG. 3 with the jet of pressure medium deflected to one side, and

FIG. 7 is a section corresponding to FIG. 3 with the jet of pressure medium deflected to the other side.

The example illustrated is a turbine operating with oil at a pressure of forexample 10 to 20 atmospheres, the

use ofoil pressure as the pressure medium 'being par ticularly advantageous. In a housing 1 two-Pelton wheels 2'and 3 are so arranged that theyare nearly inx'contact nalled parallel to, one another and are drivably connected to one another by pinions 6 and 7 and a gear wheel 8 in such manner that the two Pelton wheels 2 and 3 necessarily rotate in the same direction, 'i.e; the Pelton wheels both run either in clockwise sense or counterclockwise sense. Consequently the blades or buckets of the two Pelton wheels move in opposite directions at the place Where the peripheries of the wheels nearly touch. I v v v The oil under pressure is supplied through a pipe 9. A simple oil pump of constant output is suitable for example for feeding the oil. The oil flows through an elbowpipe 10 into a fixed nozzle 11 which narrows towards its outlet opening 12 so as to provide an outlet cross section which is substantially rectangular and flat."

bearings 17. Y

of pressure medium have in this case straight edges which At the lower free end of the pivotal'tube 14 are ar-= ranged two opposed knife edge members 18 the knife edges 19 of which extend parallel to the long sides of the flat jetof pressure medium of rectangular cross section, as can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 5. Above the knife edge members 18 the pivotal tube 14 is provided with apertures 20 which extend transversely to the central axis of the nozzle 11.

The deflection of the pivotal tube 14 carrying the knife edge members 18 can be effected by any desired control impulses. In the embodiment illustrated pneumatic control impulses are'used, being applied through com pressed air pipes 21, 22. The pipes 21, 22 open into cylinder spaces 23, 24 which are sealed by diaphragms 25, which bear against pistons 26 which are connected by piston rods 27 to the pivotaltube 14. The deflections of the pistons 26 and therewith of the pivotal tube 14 are limited by adjustable stops formed by screw 28.

In the central setting of the pivotal tube 14 the knife edge members 18 take up the position illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5, in which the knife edges 19 allow the jet 13 of Patented FeloQlG, 1965 pressure. medium to pass w tion of rotation or the, other. V

' Since the pivotal tuoe 14'is' rotatably mounted at'pivot V I15, on the central axis of the-stationary nozzle 11, the; tube 14; T can swing freely about the axis lfi. 'Consequently extremelysrnail adjusting'forces or pressure difierences 'inIthe'cylinder's 23, 24 suffice to 'move the knifeedge members 18out,of the'central setting into one or other:

jet 13 consequently flows directlycentrally between the can be shitted to the left onto the right from' the 3 central balanced position. Thereby the isivotalftube 14 is movedeitherfito the right (FIG; "6) 01fv to the-left .(FIG. 7),1SO that either the left-hand knife niernberifi or the right-hand knife edge member 13 has; its knife edge=il9-inserted'into-the-jet 13. ii1'this way-a small part of the 'jet of pressuremediurn is cutofif and diverted [outwardly throughthe' assbciated io'peninfg zd, as shown. The forced reaction arising in this manner defiects the jet'liatojone side or the other asis shown inEiGS. 6 and 7' respectively, Consequently either the Peltonwh'eel 2 or thePelton wheel 3: is acted on more strongly by the jet so that the turbine is set in motion in one direcithout touching The knife'edge members having one knite edge 11 each side of 's'aid 'jet, and'said knife edgemernbers beingcairied by said jetwhich is divertedby said diverting means suost antially at right angles to the. axis, of said nozzle. 1 l two Pelton wheels 2, 3 into the turbine housing and acts similarly on the blades of the; two Pelton wheels. 'I'Con'sequently the' Wheels remain atflrest: By means-{ofpressure impulses f app-liedthr'ough the 'pipes 21, 22 and effective inthe cylihders'23, -24 the pistons 26' 2.2%" turbine according to claim '1, inwhich two' op positelyfarranged. knife edge members are. provided, said knife edge members having one knifeedge on each side vof Said jet 3..A turbine according to claim 1', in which two oppositely arranged ,knife edgemernbers are provided, said 'thefree-e'ad of. a pivotal arr'njthe pivot axis of which is at right; angles to the nozzlesaxis;

" 4. A turbine accordingtci claim 1 in which a'oivotal tube'with two oppositely arranged knife edge'memher s are provided, said knifeedgerrnembers havingone knifef'edge' on'each' sideaofsaid jet, and'said knife edge members; being carried: by thedfree end ot the; 'pivot al tube the v pivot axis or which is -at right angles to thenozzle axis.

' 5; A turbine according to clairn l, in which said nozzle. has an-outflow cross section ot substantially rectangular, and fiat form to impart to said jet of pressuremediurn-a; j

1 corresponding fiat rihbondikdcross section, andinwhi'ch operative position. Duetothe narrow ribbon-like cross 1 to penetrate.

'A"fiuid pressure. operated turhine, especially" for machine tools, comprising a housing, two impeller-type said knifeed'ge's' extend parallel tothe longer sides of; said rectangular cross section of said jet. I

i 6. turbine according to claimgl, in'jwhieh two-op positely' arranged knife edge membersgare "provided, said. knife edge members having, oneknife "edge 'oneachside of said noizzle,l' said nozzle having anaoutfiovwcross .sec- .tion of substantially rectangular and flat torrrrtoimpart: v toasaid jet of pressure medium corresponding flatf ribbon likecross {section Land said linifeedges extending.- aralliel to the longer sides of said rectangular'jcross.

r section of said jet.

I l 7; 'Afiuid pressure operated turbine according to claim ,6 in which a tube isiprovided which'ismountcd on apivot axis and havingaopenings in said tube abovea'ndjbelow its: longitudinal 'axisfzsaid knife-edge members beingmounted Ion'and carriedjby' the pivotaltube and surround-,; ing the tube with the knife edges, at anozzle end of the turbine Wheels having'paraliel axes and mounted in the "housing with their peripheries almost touching at a point. in the; medial fplane betWeensaid-axes, gearing means. coupling said impeller wheels together and coupling said impeiler wheels positively together so jthat in motion said impeller wheels rotate in the same direction, adjustable .jet'means' for directing. a jet of fluid medium underpressure onto at least either ofsaid two impeller wheels, said' jet of pressure medium flowing 116m a}nozzle"iixedly' arranged in the'medial plane'between the axes or said? turbine wheels, "movable diverting"meanslcomprising at.

least one knifeedge arrangedon a knife edge member;

said knife edge being insertable' into said'jet substantially.

at right angles to the axis of said, nozzle, at least' one opening. above said knife edge member extendings ubstantially at right angles to the long itudi nal axisof said nozzle, said jetof pressure fluid medium being defiectable away from the centeraxis'of Said-nozzle on one of said *turbinewheels by the; force of'reaction of said part of- 

1. A FLUID PRESSURE OPERATED TURBINE, ESPECIALLY FOR MACHINE TOOLS, COMPRISING A HOUSING, TWO IMPELLER-TYPE TURBINE WHEELS HAVING PARALLEL AXES AND MOUNTED IN THE HOUSING WITH THEIR PERIPHERIES ALMOST TOUCHING AT A POINT IN THE MEDIAL PLANE BETWEEN SAID AXES, GEARING MEANS COUPLING SAID IMPELLER WHEELS TOGETHER AND COUPLING SAID IMPELLER WHEELS POSITIVELY TOGETHER SO THAT IN MOTION SAID IMPELLER WHEELS ROTATE IN THE SAME DIRECTION, ADJUSTABLE JET MEANS FOR DIRECTING A JET OF FLUID MEDIUM UNDER PRESSURE ONTO AT LEAST EITHER OF SAID TWO IMPELLER WHEELS, SAID JET OF PRESSURE FLUID MEDIUM FLOWING FROM A NOZZLE FIXEDLY ARRANGED IN THE MEDIAL PLANE BETWEEN THE AXES OF SAID TURBINE WHEELS, MOVABLE DIVERTING MEANS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE KNIFE EDGE ARRANGED ON A KNIFE EDGE MEMBER, SAID KNIFE EDGE BEING INSERTABLE INTO SAID JET SUBSTANTIALLY AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE AXIS OF SAID NOZZLE, AT LEAST ONE OPENING ABOVE SAID KNIFE EDGE MEMBER EXTENDING SUBSTANTIALLY AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF SAID NOZZLE, SAID JET OF PRESSURE FLUID MEDIUM BEING DEFLECTABLE AWAY FROM THE CENTER AXIS OF SAID NOZZLE ON ONE OF SAID TURBINE WHEELS BY THE FORCE OF REACTION OF SAID PART OF SAID JET WHICH IS DIVERTED BY SAID DIVERTING MEANS SUBSTANTIALLY AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THE AXIS OF SAID NOZZLE. 